Gọi x và y lần lượt là số mol Fe và Al tham gia phản ứng

a/PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ -----> FeSO₄ + H₂

(mol)       x         x                  x            x

  PTHH:  2Al + 3H₂SO₄ -----> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

(mol)       y         3y/2                 y/2           3y/2

Suy ra hệ : \(\begin{cases}152x+\frac{342y}{2}=81,7\\56x+27y=19,3\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=0,2\\y=0,3\end{cases}\)

=> mFe = 0,2.56 = 11,2 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\%Fe=\frac{11,2}{19,3}.100\approx58,03\%\)

%Al = 100% - 58,03% = 41,97%

b/ nH₂ = x+3y/2 = 0,2 + 3.0,3/2 = 0,65 (mol)

=> VH₂ = 22,4.0,65 = 14,56 (l)

c/  nH₂SO₄ = x+3y/2 = 0,65 (mol)

=> mH₂SO₄ = 98.0,65 = 63,7 (g)

\(m_{SO_4}=m_{muối.sunfat}-m_{kim.loai}=79,44-19,92=59,52\left(g\right)\)

=> \(n_{SO_4}=\dfrac{59,52}{96}=0,62\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=0,62\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{25,04-19,92}{32}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn O: \(n_{H_2O}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)

Bảo toàn H: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,62.2-0,32.2}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

=> V = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:       x                                                     1,5x

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      y                                                 y

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=5,1\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27.100\%}{5,1}=52,94\%;\%m_{Mg}=100-52,94=47,06\%\)

b) 

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      0,1      0,15                  0,05                            

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ → MgSO₄ + H₂

Mol:     0,1       0,1                 0,1

\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,15\right).98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\)

m_{dd sau pứ} = 5,1+250-0,15.2 = 254,8(g)

\(C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342.100\%}{254,8}=6,71\%\)

\(C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120.100\%}{254,8}=4,71\%\)

Gọi\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeS}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

m_H2SO4 = 150.9,8% = 14,7 (g)

-> n_H2SO4 = \(\dfrac{14,7}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{hhkhí\left(H_2,H_2S\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{224}{1000}}{22,4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

Fe + H₂SO₄ ---> FeSO₄ + H₂

a          a                 a           a

FeS + H₂SO₄ ---> FeSO₄ + H₂S

b             b                  b           b

Hệ phương trình\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+88b=0,72\\a+b=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,005\left(mol\right)\\b=0,005\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,005.56=0,28\left(g\right)\\m_{FeS}=0,005.88=0,44\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=0,005+0,005=0,01\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15-0,01=0,14\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddY}=0,72+150-0,005.2+0,005.34=150,88\left(g\right)\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{152.\left(0,005+0,005\right)}{150,88}=1\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{98.0,14}{150,88}=9,1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a)

Gọi : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 27a + 56b = 1,66(1)

\(2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe +2 HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)

Theo PTHH :

\(n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} = 0,05(2)\)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,02 ; b = 0,02

Vậy :

\(\%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,02.27}{1,66}.100\% = 32,53\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 32,53\% = 67,47\%\)

a)

\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,05.2 = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{0,1.36,5}{100}.100\% = 3,65\%\)

a,Fe     +        2HCl            →            FeCl               +              H_{2           (1)}

   FeO   +        2HCl            →            FeCl               +              H₂O       (2)

n_H2 =  3,36/ 22,4 = 0,15 ( mol)

Theo (1)  n_H2 = nFe =  0,15 ( mol)

m_Fe = 0,15 x 56  =  8.4 (g)

m _FeO = 12 - 8,4  =  3,6 (g)

a, \(n_{H_2}=\frac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)  

\(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\) 

\(FeO+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\) 

theo (1) \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) 

=> \(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\) 

=> \(m_{FeO}=12-8,4=3,6\left(g\right)\)

ta thấy : nFe =nH2 = 0,15

=> mFe =0,15 x 56 = 8,4g

%Fe=8,4/12 x 100 = 70%

=>%FeO = 100 - 70 = 30%

b) BTKLra mdd tìm mct of HCl

c) tìm mdd sau pứ -mH2 nha bạn

\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)

a) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe là a, b (mol)

=> 24a + 56b = 11,84

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.14\%}{36,5}=0,56\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            a--->2a--------->a----->a

           Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

            b-->2b-------->b------>b

=> 2a + 2b = 0,56

=> a = 0,12; b = 0,16

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,12.24}{11,84}.100\%=24,324\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,16.56}{11,84}.100\%=75,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(n_{H_2}=a+b=0,28\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,28.22,4=6,272\left(l\right)\)

c) m_{dd sau pư} = 11,84 + 146 - 0,28.2 = 157,28 (g)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,12.95}{157,28}.100\%=7,25\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,16.127}{157,28}.100\%=12,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)